الفهرس 
SarcopeniaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, recognized as a major clinical problem for older people. This is due to the fact that sarcopenia is both common and associated with serious health consequences in terms of frailty, disability, morbidity and mortality.
Sarcopenia is associated with major co-morbidity such as obesity, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes. But perhaps the most powerful indication that the loss of skeletal muscle, in particular strength, is important comes from the evidence that it predicts future mortality in middle-aged as well as older adult.
Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly being recognized as a worldwide epidemic. With the most common cause of vitamin D deficiency being inadequate sunlight exposure, it is not surprising that higher latitude countries have a high incidence of deficiency
Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal muscle tissue by maintaining the function of type II fibers, preserving muscle strength and preventing falls. Older adults are at increased risk of vitamin D insufficiency due to various factors. As people age, the skin’s ability to synthesize vitamin D efficiently is reduced, and the kidney is less able to convert vitamin D to its active form; in addition, inadequate sunlight exposure which is essential for vitamin D synthesis and low consumption of dietary vitamin D are common among the elderly.
Vitamin D plays an important role in muscle function through its regulation of calcium transport, uptake of inorganic phosphate for the production of energy-rich phosphate compounds, and protein synthesis in the muscle.
The biological actions of vitamin D on muscle cell differentiation, metabolism and function may be multiple, acting through direct and indirect, genomic and non-genomic pathways. Vitamin D increases calcium uptake in muscle cells and has a regulator effect on the calcium channel, which is important for muscle contractile activity.
The current study was carried out to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly females and its relation with serum vitamin d level. The study enrolled 350 elderly females recruited from outpatient clinic and inpatient wards of Ain Shams University Hospital to detect prevalence of sarcopenia then cases with sarcopenia compared with a matched controls for age , patient who suspected to have any reason that might limit timed up and go test, dehydration or peace maker were excluded from the study.
All participants were subjected to: detailed personal history, complete physical examination, assessment of muscle mass by bio electrical impedance analysis, assessment of muscle performance by hand grip dynamometer and, weight and height were measured, BMI (kg/m2) was calculated and venous blood sample was withdrawn from the cases (4 cases refusing sampling) and the cross matched controls to measure serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D to detect the relation between sarcopenia and vitamin D.
The current study demonstrated that the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly Egyptian females is 11.7%, and prevalence of severe sarcopenia is 9.1%.
The current study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between sarcopenic and non sarcopenic as regard marital status, occupation, smoking and sun exposure.
The current study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between sarcopenic and non sarcopenic as regard Number of co-morbidities, while it revealed no statistically significant difference between sarcopenic and non sarcopenic females as regard different diseases.
The current study revealed a highly significant difference between sarcopenic and non sarcopenic as regard the mean weight being lower in sarcopenic in comparison to non- sarcopenic females.
Also a significant difference was found between sarcopenic and non sarcopenic as regard the mean height being higher in sarcopenic in comparison to non- sarcopenic females.
The current study showed a highly significant difference between sarcopenic and non sarcopenic as regard the mean fat level being lower in sarcopenic in comparison to non- sarcopenic females.
Also a highly significant difference was found between sarcopenic and non sarcopenic as regard the mean BMI being lower in sarcopenic in comparison to non- sarcopenic females.
The current study revealed that there was a highly statistically significant lower mean FFM among sarcopenic in comparison to non- sarcopenic females.
The current study revealed no statistically significant difference between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic as regard serum vitamin D level.
The current study revealed statistically highly significant negative correlation between age with FFM, FFMI, hand grip strength, physical activity and body fat level, and statistically highly significant positive correlation between age with TGUGT.
The current study revealed prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in studied group is 15.9%, and prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in studied group is 81.8%.
The current study revealed no statistically significant correlation between vitamin D level with BMI, body fat level, FFM, FFMI, hand grip strength, TGUGT, age and physical activity.