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Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of rose bengal, eosin yellow lactone and methyene blue on the adult house fly, Musca domestica. The most effective dye, rose bengal was used to evaluate the biochemical and ultrastructural effects on the adult M. domestica. The obtained results can be summarized as followed: 1. Toxicological studies 1.1 Insecticidal activity against adults of house fly, M. domestica: Results revealed that rose bengal is the most effective dye followed by eosin yellow lactone, then methylene blue. The LC50 value of adults house fly fed on rose bengal was 8 x 10 -5 M, while for eosin yellow lactone was 7 x 10 -4 M and for methylene blue was 1x 10 -3 M. On the other hand, the LC 95 value for rose bengal was 7x10 -6 M, while for eosin yellow lactone was 4x10 -3 M and for methylene blue was 5x10 -3 M. 1.2 Photosensitization process to control adult house fly, M. domestica The LT 50 values of the lowest concentrations of rose bengal, eosin yellow lacton and methylene blue were 3.06, 4.2 and 7.4 hrs, respectively. On the other hand, the LT50 values of the highest concentrations were 0.4, 1 and 1.34 hrs for rose bengal, eosin yellow lacton and methylene blue, respectively. This indicates that rose bengal is the most effective, followed by eosin yellow lactone and methylene blue. 2- Biochemical studies 2.1 Quantitative analysis Biochemical analysis of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids of adult M. domestica treated with sub-leathal dose (LC 50 ) of the most effective compound, rose bengal resulted in increase in total carbohydrate content and reduction in total protein and lipid content. Total carbohydrate content increased to 136.33 mg/dl in treated sample of adult house fly as compared with 69.33 mg/dl in the control, but this did not represent a significant difference between the treated and control samples. Total protein and lipid contents were 0.01 mg/dl and 3.26 mg/dl, respectively in treated sample of adult house fly as compared with 31.3 mg/dl and 34.33 mg/dl, respectively in the control, indicating a significant differences between the treated and control samples, which decreased significantly during the photosensitization process. 2.2. Qualitative analysis of protein 2.2.1. Native protein The native proteins patterns of adult house fly were separated into 17 different bands according to their molecular weight. The total number of bands of control samples were 12 bands with percentage amount ranged between (0.8-11.9) and molecular weight ranged between (7.36-257.92) kDa, while in treated samples with rose bengal were 7 bands with percentage amount ranged between (3.83-10.98) and molecular weight (23.13-278.58) kDa. According to this study, native protein pattern suggested that, there were 6 common bands with molecular weight ranged between 23.359 and 257.92 kDa, these might be characteristics for M. domestica samples as they were presented in either treated and control samples. Changes of protein bands due to treatment of adult house fly with rose bengal, induced disappearance of normal five bands with molecular weights ranged between 7.3699 and 80.451 kDa were noticed. 2.2.2. Fractionation protein The SDS protein patterns of adult house fly were separated into 21 different bands according to their molecular weight values. The total number of bands of control samples was 18 with percentage amount ranged between (1.98-3.48) and molecular weight ranged between (16.77-177.6) kDa, while in treated samples with rose bengal were 17 bands with percentage amount values ranged between (1-6.4) and molecular weight ranged between (19.3-161.48) kDa. According to this study, SDS protein pattern suggested that, there were 15 common bands with molecular weight ranged between 20.13 and177.06 kDa, these might be characteristics for M. domestica samples as they were presented in either treated and control samples. Changes of protein bands were noticed, where treatments with rose bengal leads to disappearance of three normal bands with molecular weights ranged between 136.8 and 16.77 kDa and appearance of two abnormal bands with molecular weights 42.03 and 22.84 kDa. 3- Ultrastructure studies Ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells of the midgut of treated adult house fly with LC 50 of rose bengal revealed lyses of epithelial cells and change in nuclear shape with clumping of chromatin material. The cytoplasm involved cellular vaculation. Microvilli of epithelial cells were rudimented at cell bases. Mitochondria were degraded and lysosomes were ruptured. Detachment of peritrophic membrane from the epithelial cells and become malformed. Rose bengal induced disappearance of intercellular junction that separate the cell from each other. The endoplasmic reticulum was broken down into separate narrow vascular structures. |