الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Experiment were carried out in Toshka Research Station, Desert Research Center (DRC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Toshka Region, Aswan Governorate, western desert, Egypt, during two lat summer seasons of 2009 and 2010. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of four irrigation levels (70%, 85%, 100% and115% of the potential evapotranspiration ”ETo”), four shading levels which installed for four weeks after transplanting (0% ”without shading”, 40%, 63% and 73%) and two soil mulch types (black plastic and organic mulch ‘agricultural residuals’) on: -
1. Minimize water requirements of cantaloupe plant under arid area conditions and optimize the productivity.
2. select the best type of shading density cover sheets and mulches for cantaloupe production.
3. Study the relationship between irrigation practice, shading levels and different mulch types on cantaloupe productivity under arid area conditions (Toshka region).
The experiment was arranged according to split - split design with three replicates where irrigation levels were distributed in the main plots, shading levels were allocated in sub plots, while soil mulch were in sub - sub plot. Plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area, ,total fresh and dray weight of plant, chlorophyll content, early and total number of fruits, fruit diameter, flash thickness, yield and water use efficiency were measured. The mineral analyses of leaves (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in cantaloupe fourth leaf were determined.
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Hussein A. G. Attay, PhD., 2015
The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Vegetative growth:-
1. Regarding the effect of deferent irrigation levels on vegetative growth the 115% of ETo irrigation level treatment was significantly higher than that under other irrigation levels treatments (100 % of ETo, and 85 % of ETo) in both seasons; the lowest vegetative parameters were obtained under 70% of ETo irrigation level. While the irrigation level 70 % of ETo gave the highest value of chlorophyll than the other irrigation levels treatments.
2. Concerning the shading levels, the results indicated that vegetative parameters increased with the shading level increased; 73% shading level treatment gave the highest vegetative parameters followed by 63% and 40% shading levels in both seasons, respectively. While the without shading treatment gave the lowest vegetative parameters.
3. The soil mulch treatment, data indicated that agricultural residuals mulch resulted in the highest vegetative characteristics followed by black plastic mulch.
4. Concerning the interaction between different irrigation levels and different shading levels, the highest vegetative parameters were under 100 % of ETo irrigation level with 73 % shading level. Meanwhile, irrigation level 70 % of ETo treatment with 0 % shading level (without shading) treatment gave the highest value of chlorophyll content.
5. Regarding the interaction between different irrigation treatment and different soil mulch treatment, resulted data showed that irrigation level 115 % of ETo treatment with agricultural residuals treatment gave the highest cantaloupe vegetative characteristic, while the irrigation level 70 % of ETo with black plastic mulch gave the lowest cantaloupe vegetative parameters
Hussein A. G. Attay, PhD., 2015
6. The interaction between different shading levels and different soil mulch, data illustrated that the highest vegetative growth parameters were recorded by shading level 73 % treatment with both soil mulch treatments gave the highest result than the other treatments. The lowest result showed with shading level 0 % (without shading) with black plastic mulch. Meanwhile, the highest chlorophyll with the shading level 0 % (without shading) treatment with both soil mulch treatments comparing with the other treatments.
7. Concerning the interaction among the experiment treatments; different irrigation levels, different shading levels and different soil mulch, the result showed that, the irrigation level 115 % of ETo with shading level 73 % obtained the highest cantaloupe vegetative parameters with both different soil mulch treatments, comparing with the other treatment. On the other hand, the irrigation level 70 % of ETo with shading level 0 % (without shading) with both soil mulch treatments gave the highest value of chlorophyll comparing with the other treatments.
The yield components:-
1. The different irrigation levels treatments data showed that the irrigation level 70 % of ETo treatment gave the highest value of early yield, average fruit number per plant, total soluble solids (TSS) and fruit firmness. Meanwhile, the irrigation level 85 % of ETo gave the highest value of total yield, while the irrigation level 115 % of ETo gave the highest value of average fruit weight, fruit diameter, Ascorbic acid (Vit. C), and the lowest value of total soluble solids (TSS) and fruit firmness comparing with the other treatments in both growing seasons.
2. The shading level 0 % (without shading) gave the highest value of early yield, fruit firmness and the lowest value of total yield , fruit diameter, total soluble solids and Ascorbic acid. Meanwhile, the shading level 63
Hussein A. G. Attay, PhD., 2015
% gave the highest value of total yield. While, the shading level 73 % gave the highest value of average fruit weight, average fruit diameter per plant and the lowest value of total soluble solids and fruit firmness. On the other hand, the shading levels 63 % and 73 % obtained the highest values of Ascorbic acid in both seasons.
3. For the soil mulch, Data indicated that black plastic mulch treatment resulted in the highest early yield and fruit firmness in the first season. Meanwhile, organic mulch gave the highest values of total yield, average fruit weight, average fruit diameter, total soluble solids (TSS), Ascorbic acid and fruit firmness.
4. Concerning the interaction between different irrigation levels treatments, and different shading levels treatments; the irrigation level 70 % of ETo with shading level 0 % (without shading) gave the highest value of early yield, total soluble solids (TSS) and the lowest value of total yield, the irrigation level 115 % of ETo with shading level 73 % gave the lowest value of early yield, total soluble solids (TSS) and the highest value of average fruit weight and average fruit diameter. Meanwhile, the highest total yield recorded by the irrigation level 85 %of ETo with the shading level 63 % and 40% in the two studied seasons.
5. Regarding the interaction between different irrigation levels treatments and different soil mulch treatments, data showed that the both soil mulch material (black plastic mulch and organic material) with irrigation level 70 % of ETo treatments produced the highest value of early yield, total soluble solids (TSS) and fruit firmness, regarding the highest total yield were recorded by the irrigation level 85 % of ETo with organic mulch treatment.
6. For the interaction between different shading levels and different soil mulch treatments, data showed that the highest total yield was recorded by shading levels 63 % and 40 % with organic mulch treatments. The
Hussein A. G. Attay, PhD., 2015
highest values of early yield were recorded by shading level 0 % (without shading) with both mulch materials (black plastic mulch and organic mulch).
7. Concerning the interaction among the different irrigation levels, different shading levels and different soil mulch materials the data showed that the highest value of early yield was recorded by the irrigation level 70 % of ETo with shading level 0 % (without shading) and both soil mulch materials (black plastic mulch and organic mulch), Meanwhile the irrigation level 85 % of ETo with shading level 63 % and organic mulch treatment gave the highest value of total yield in the both growing seasons.
Leaves nutrients content:-
1. The different irrigation levels treatments significantly affected in the mineral content percentage in the fourth leaf of cantaloupe plant; the irrigation level 70 % of ETo gave the highest value of nutrient content while the lowest value was obtained by irrigation level 115 % of ETo.
2. The data showed that the highest value of nutrient content recorded by shading level 63 %, while the lowest value obtained by shading level 0 % (without shading).
3. Organic mulch treatment recorded the highest value of nutrients content, while the lowest percentage recorded by black plastic mulch.
4. Concerning the interaction between the irrigation levels and shading levels; the data showed that the shading levels 63 % and 40 % with irrigation level 70 % of ETo treatments gave the highest nutrients content percentage comparing with the other treatments.
5. Concerning the interaction between the irrigation levels and soil much treatments; growing cantaloupe plants under irrigation level 70 % of
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Hussein A. G. Attay, PhD., 2015
ETo with organic mulch due to increased the nutrient content percentage in leaves of cantaloupe plants.
6. The interaction between shading levels and soil mulch materials; the data showed that the highest concentration of nutrient content recorded by shading level 63 % with soil covered by organic mulch.
7. The highest concentration of nutrients content was recorded by irrigation level 70 % of ETo with organic mulch and both shading levels 63 % and 40 % in the both growing seasons.
Water use efficiency:-
1. The irrigation level 70 % of ETo recorded the highest value of water use efficiency, while the lowest value recorded by irrigation level 115 % of ETo.
2. The shading levels 63 % and 40 % gave the highest value of water use efficiency and the lowest value obtained by shading level 0 % (without shading).
3. The organic mulch recorded the highest value of water use efficiency comparing with black plastic mulch treatment.
4. The interaction between different irrigation levels and different shading levels; the data showed that the irrigation level 70 % of ETo with both shading levels 63 % and 40 % gave the highest values of water use efficiency while the lowest value was recorded by irrigation level 115 % of ETo with shading level 0 % (without shading).
5. Concerning the interaction between different irrigation levels and soil mulch treatments; the highest value of water use efficiency recorded by irrigation level 70 % of ETo with organic mulch, while the lowest value was obtained by irrigation level 115 % of ETo with both soil mulch materials (black plastic mulch and organic mulch).
Hussein A. G. Attay, PhD., 2015
6. The interaction between the shading levels and soil mulch; the data showed that the different shading levels 63 5 and 40 % with both soil mulch materials (black plastic mulch and organic mulch ) gave the highest value of water use efficiency, while the lowest value recorded by shading level 0 % ( without shading) with organic mulch treatment in the two growing seasons.
7. Concerning of the interaction between the different irrigation levels, different shading levels and soil mulch treatments; the recorded data showed that the irrigation level 70 % of ETo with the shading levels 63 % and 40 % and organic mulch treatments gave the highest values of water use efficiency, meanwhile the lowest value recorded by irrigation level 115 % of ETo with shading level 0 % (without shading) and black plastic mulch treatment.
from the previous results it can be generally concluded that shading decreases air temperature, sunlight radiation and increase humidity that due to provides a moderate climate, which go to good plant growth and yield and also which reduce the evapotranspiration and improve water use efficiency (WUE)