الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study is a clinical evaluation of the effect of platelet rich fibrin on the bone defect as a result after apicetomy procedure in the maxillary single rooted teeth.
Fourteen cases were collected from the outpatient clinic at oral and maxillofacial department faculty of dentistry Alexandria University, they were presented with a persisting infection in which conventional endodontic therapy failed to resolve the problem and peri-apical root‑end surgery was required.
Evaluation of all patients was performed as follows:
• History including present history of the root canal treatment and past medical history.
• Clinical examination including both general and local examination.
• Radiographic examination using cone beam computed tomography.
Cases were divided into two groups (cases and control) where the cases group received the platelet rich fibrin in the defect site after the apicetomy procedure.
Standard apicectomy procedures was performed on the involved teeth under local anaesthia
Twelve ml of venous blood was drawn from the patient. Whole blood was drawn into the tubes without anticoagulant and immediately centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 12 minutes. Within a few minutes, the absence of anticoagulant allows activation of the majority of platelets contained in the sample to trigger a coagulation cascade. The result is a fibrin clot containing the platelets located in the middle of the tube, just between the red blood cell layer at the bottom and acellular plasma at the top. This clot was removed from the tube and the attached red blood cells scraped off and discarded.
This clot is later portioned into one plug that will fill the entire cavity and one membrane that will cover the plug.
Postoperative antibiotics and analgesics were prescribed, oral hygiene was maintained by instructing the patients to use warm mouth wash and soft diet was recommended for one week post-operatively.
The follow-up phase was performed at intervals of baseline , third ,six and nine months for evaluating clinically post-operative pain and radiographically via cone beam computed tomograpghy to evaluate the area of bone defect and density of newly formed bone.
The obtained data were statistically analyzed, tabulated and presented by graphs.
Clinical results
All patients recovered well after surgery, they showed no complications throughout
The late postoperative follow up was done for each patient via cone beam computed tomography each 3 months over the period of 9 months.
The C.B.C.T revealed decrease in the size of bone defect as well as bone deposition in a higher rate in the cases group.
The results of this study revealed that platelet rich fibrin when placed it can induce both bone healing and bone formation faster than the regular way of healing and it can be used as cheap and safe alternative for the other methods usually used after apicetomies.