الفهرس 
HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
S
chizophrenia is stress related, neurobiological disorder characterized by disturbances in the form and content of an individual’s thought and perceptual processes, affect and social and instrumental role behavior.
Employment is a basic right of citizenship often taken for granted. Yet, many people with severe mental illness, are excluded from this basic right. Employment has many advantages for people. Besides earning an income
There are many reasons for the high unemployment rate in this population: illness-related disabilities that make job maintenance difficult, treatment-related difficulties, gaps in training because illness struck early in life, lack of self-confidence during the job application process.
Vocational rehabilitation originated in psychiatric institutions, where the lack of activity and stimulation led to apathy and withdrawal of inpatients. Long before the introduction of medication
A variety of different approaches to vocational rehabilitation have been developed and evaluated over the past several decades, including skills training methods, sheltered workshops, transitional employment, and supported employment.
The clubhouse model grew from Fountain House, a consumer self-help organization first established in 1948.
Transitional employment (TE) is the primary vocational approach used by clubhouse programs, and is designed to give members real work experience, work confidence, skills, and the opportunity for properly paid work.
Pre-vocational services use a traditional step-wise train and place approach to vocational rehabilitation
Supported employment has emerged as an evidence-based practice in psychiatric rehabilitation, with a number of randomized controlled trials demonstrating its effectiveness over conventional vocational rehabilitation.
The most common form of SE, the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model calls for the employment specialist to link with all other clinicians in the treatment team to ensure that employment is part of the treatment plan for every client who wants to work. The employment specialist emphasizes integration of vocational and clinical services, minimal preliminary assessments, rapid job placement, normal work settings, consumer choice, and ongoing supports.
There is evidence suggesting that the most efficient way to treat schizophrenic patients consists in the Combination of psycho-pharmacological treatment and psychosocial interventions such as psychotherapy, family therapy and occupational therapy.
Findings showed that the use of anti psychotics drugs were effective in reducing the risk of the patient’s presence in hospital, but has low effect on getting job, independent life and patients ’ personal correlations. So, Standard treatment of schizophrenia includes a compound of medical and non medical treatment, and for this reason mental rehabilitation and occupational therapy have special importance and mental scientists only recommended both of them.
Vocational rehabilitation showed significant improvement in positive symptoms, negative symptoms, thought disturbance and paranoid ideation
Disability in social functioning has been found to be related to work functioning.
Social and occupational impairment has long been recognized as a core feature of schizophrenia affecting social interaction, vocational and instrumental functioning skills, self-care, and recreation.
Schizophrenia is accompanied by impairments in several domains of cognitive functioning.
Cognitive dysfunction has been found to be related to employment status and performance at work.
Vocational rehabilitation showed significant improvement in positive symptoms, negative symptoms, thought disturbance and paranoid ideation.
Occupational therapy activities decrease the mean of significant differences of negative symptoms of schizophrenia such as flat affect, mutism, apathy, dissocial, loss of attention.