الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present study Salmonella species were isolated from pigeon, where 5 isolates (1.8%) were identified as S. enterica subsp. Typhimurium and 2 isolates (0.7%) of S. enterica subsp. Enterititdis out of 280 total samples of apparently healthy and diseased pigeon. S. enterica subsp. Joal were isolated (5.9%) and followed by S. Typhimurium (4.9%), S. Enteritidis (2.9%) and S. Kentucky (1.96%) from chicken. S.Typhimurium , S. Enteritidis and S. Paratyphi A were isolated (4% each ) and S. Paratyphi B isolated (2%) from stool samples of children. Sensitivity to antibacterial drugs revealed that 50% of isolates were sensitive to cefixime , 46.5% to enrofloxacin , chloramphenicol (40%) , cephalothin and cefadroxil (36.7 %each).while isolates were resistant to many of antibacterial as sulfa/trimethoprim (93.3%) , nalidixic acid and amikacin (90% each) , gentamicin (86.7%) , ampicillin and neomycine (83.3% each) and erythromycin (80%). In the present study all Salmonella strains amplified 284bp fragment of invA gene except S. Paratyphi B. The presence of flic gene (flagellin gene) was harbored by all S. Typhimurium isolates . Using multplix PCR, plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases genes were investigated .14 isolates of Salmonella serovars harbor LAT-1 to LAT-4, CMY-2 to CMY-7, BIL-1, Seven isolates harbor DHA-1, DHA-2, While 7 isolates harbor MIR-1T ACT-1.