الفهرس 
Abnormal Uterine BleedingOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A
bnormal uterine bleeding is one of the commonest female complains in all the different age groups, reaching the proper diagnosis is a challenge and it’s important to limit the diagnostic methods as much as possible to avoid unnecessary interventions and costs.
It should always be considered that AUB could be due to causes other than local gynecological causes, so excluding these causes is important to reach the appropriate plan for management.
Ideally, a non-invasive investigation is preferred over an invasive one and also an economical investigation preferred over an expensive one; this applies equally to affluent countries and third world., that’s why ultrasonography by any modality is considered to a non-invasive procedure to investigate uterine lesions rather than hysteroscopy which is a highly invasive one with a high cost.
Hysteroscopy is a valuable method for diagnosing AUB due to local uterine pathology and although many other alternatives are introduced in the past decades but still hysteroscopy is the gold standard.
Although being the gold standard it has its own drawbacks which limits its use, being an invasive procedure make it difficult to use it liberally and limits its use for selected cases.
Introduction of 3D ultrasound offered a new imaging technique superior to others and allows better visualization of the uterine anatomy.
3D transvaginal ultrasonogrphy is introduced as an alternative to other invasive methods for diagnosing intrauterine pathology, and it was clear that 3D transvaginal ultrasonogrphy has the ability to diagnose minor local uterine lesions that could be missed in other conventional imaging methods, it also has diagnostic accuracy almost equal to diagnostic hysteroscopy.
The 3D transvaginal ultrasonogrphy could be considered as a good clinical test for diagnosing both submucous fibroids and endometrial polyps but a fair method for excluding these entities.
3D transvaginal ultrasonogrphy was a reliable and accurate method for investigations of the endometrium and uterine cavity. It provides correlative data with histological results as good as more invasive procedures. It can be a good alternative technique for the evaluation of uterine cavity abnormalities where office hysteroscopy is not available. Furthermore, 3D transvaginal ultrasonogrphy may be a valuable measure in extreme comorbid patients with higher intervention risk or in patients who do not want a hysteroscopic procedure.