الفهرس 
Dental CariesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The use of miswak is entirely consistent with The Primary Health Care Approach (PHCA) principles that gives priority to local, simple, curative and preventive care addressing the needs of the population and which also focuses on prevention, community participation, and the use of appropriate technology(253). Thus, miswak use can be encouraged in developing countries with limited resources as those of the Middle East where it is available, cheap, and doesn’t need sophisticated technology, expertise or extra-resources to manufacture it or produce its extract.
Antibacterial restorations would most probably increase the survival of ART and MID restorations where incomplete removal of carious dentine is a commonly encountered problem. Moreover, in contemporary dental practice, selective removal of dentine tissue is recommended in teeth with deep carious lesions to preserve maximum dental structure, and avoid pulp exposure. However, even after removal of infected dentine, viable bacteria were consistently found in the remaining affected dentine (79,244,242).
ART as one of the MID approaches was initially developed to provide preventive and restorative care in developing countries. Due to their financial burdens and lack of dental awareness, these countries often also suffer from a high caries prevalence problem, especially among individuals of low socioeconomic status. The ability of restorative material to withstand functional forces is an important requirement for their long term clinical performance. Since the ART approach using GICs is indicated for use in posterior teeth, it is critical that the type of restorative material shows strong enough physical properties to resist occlusal load. Therefore, antibacterial GICs for use in the ART approach require an optimum amount of antibacterial agents, which should not jeopardize the basic properties of the parent materials.
Many antimicrobial approaches for caries control are being investigated. Many efforts are devoted to plant extracts and natural products. Other efforts include photodynamic therapy, replacement therapy, antimicrobial peptides in saliva and more recently using probiotics which are used in treating intestinal diseases(232).
Several studies investigated the addition of different anticariogenic agents as CHX and CPP-ACP, and bioactive glass (BAG) into GICs aiming to find the optimal concentrations of such agents that will provide an appropriate balance between anticariogenic properties and physical/mechanical properties of the experimental GIC. However the increasing concentrations of such agents frequently compromised the properties of the parent material(23,157,159,229, 233).
Another important factor in bond strength measuring is the stiffness or modulus of elasticity of the restorative material. The stiffer the material, the less is the stress concentration at the bonded surface, and the greater is the bond strength values. (critical review2010). In the present study the Mdts was slightly increased which may also partly explains the increased mean values for MSBS compared to CSBS.