الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present study, twelve avian influenza isolates were isolated in
lkyonated chicken eggs (ECE) from diseased backyard ducks that accompanied
ken flocks suffered previously from sudden onset of nervous signs with high
ality rates. The collected ducks presented signs of severe depression, anorexia,
greenish or watery diarrhea. Ducks displayed severe neurological signs
raeterized by tremors, incoordination, seizures, tilted head, torticollis, and
lysis. Sinusitis, cloudy eyes, and blindness were also recorded. Ducks showed
~h mortality rates. Necropsy findings of the affected ducks revealed picture of
ncernia. The most common gross lesions were congestion and hemorrhages of
seles and internal organs such as lungs, heart, liver, pancreas, proventriculus,
odenum, and brain. Necrotic foci in liver and pancreas with spleen atrophy and ney nephrosis were also recorded.
The viral isolates were identified using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test
ng specific reference H5NI antiserum and reference H5NI AIV. All isolates
ere identi fied as A IV of subtype H5N I. One-step reverse-transcriptase polymerase
ain reaction assay (R T -PCR) was used for detection and subtyping of avian
Ouenza virus using specific pairs of primes to amplify the hemagglutinin gene of
,btype H5 and neuraminidase gene of subtype N I. Analysis of RNA extracted
/Om the allantoic fluids of avian influenza virus inoculated chicken embryos by
garose gel electrophoresis yielded positive reactions of correct size as H5 subtype ecific primers (545 base pairs in size) and NI subtype specific primers (616 base ’airs in size).
A pathogenicity study in 2-week-old balady ducks was performed. Ducks
ere divided into 5 groups, 10 each; a control group (negative control) and four roups inoculated intranasally with 0.1 ml of inoculum containing 106 ElDso/ml .