الفهرس 
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Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has rapidly become established and replacing open surgery as the treatment of choice for cholecystolithiasis. This procedure is associated with less post-operative pain, shorter hospital stay, earlier return to physical activity and better cosmetic results.
Patients undergoing planned laparoscopic cholecystectomy are informed that there is a possibility that they may require conversion to open cholecystectomy (if complication arises or the anatomy is unclear and dissection is difficult). An obvious disadvantage of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is that if it is widely adopted, a generation of younger surgeons will emerge who are not experienced in open biliary surgery, which will be needed in more than 4% of patients in which conversion to open operation is necessary.
Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an effective procedure that gives a good view for the biliary tree, it needs high technology, much cost and good and effective sterilization “to decrease spread of blood transmitted disease especially hepatitis” C virus” in comparison to MC “minilaparotomy”.
Most systemic complications were significantly more common at open cholecystectomy compared with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
The use of smaller incisions MC (minilaparotomy chole- cystectomy) gives good results as LC (laparoscopic cholecystectomy).
Minilaparotomy cholecystectomy is safer and can be used as first line of treatment for all patients with gallstones, including those in whom laparoscopic technique failed.
Summary and Conclusion
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Surgeons who perform minilaparotomy cholecystect- omy will retain their open skills and thus will be less likely to have operative mishaps.
Minilaparotomy cholecystectomy is still the safest and more reliable method of treating biliary tract disease, with very low morbidity or associated lesions and lower incidence of complications as compared with laparoscopic cholecystect- omy.
Minilaparotomy cholecystectomy also allows the surgeons to discover associated intra-abdominal diseases that may be better evaluated intraoperative by careful palpation, which is impossible by laparoscopy.
Despites the wide spread in laparoscopic techniques, more effort should be put into improving the minilaparotomy technique rather than bypassing it.