الفهرس 
المقدمهOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The agricultural sector is considered one of the pioneer sectors to adopt the policy of economic reform. This started in the late eighties, by lefting partially the subsidy on production in 1987 and after totally in 1992. This policy had an effect on the production and marketing of crops in Qalubia Governorate and production and Export of crops in Egypt.
The study consists of 4 chapters. First chapter is the introduction and handles problem of the study, sources of information and method of the study. It also includes review of previous studies same of which showed positive effects to the economic reform policy represented increase feddan productivity, decrease government subsidy and lesuse of insecticides. Other studies showed the negative effects of economic reform policy for same crops represented in agricultural area and total production, decrease in Export value and quality and increase in transport cost.
Second chapter: handles Geographic distribution of the study crops production of important A.R.E. Governorates. For the study we find this largest area for winter signal onion crops and new areas is 15.86% of total area which is 3897 feddan in average during (94-1998). As for productivity, Gharbia Governorate rank First by 12.3% Ton/feddan 123% of single onion production — Egypt which is about 10 Ton/feddan as average during the period is for total production, and rank first by 17.13% total production, and rank first by 17.13% total production of Egypt which is 39487 Tons an average during
period. The study showed the Gharbia Governorate rank first for onion production by 64.65% of total Egyptian area which is 3932 feddan as average during the period. It also rank first as feddan prductivity by 8.56 Ton/feddan 112% of total feddan productivity of Egypt which is amounts to 7.63 Ton / feddan in average during the period. It also rank first is total production by 72.32% of total production-Egypt which amounts to 300.39 S. Ton as average during period.
The study showed their largest single garlic crops in Menia by 58.15% single garlic area which amounts by 1706 feddans in average during period it also ranks first as productivity by 10.64 Ton/feddan, 111% of total average productivity in Egypt. It also rank first as single garlic production by 64.55% of total of the production by 162.42 Ton on average during in period for (94-1998).
The study showed that Behaira governorate rank first of intercropped garlic crops by 37.44 of total area Egypt which amounts to 1072 feddan on average during period Bani Sweif Governorate rank first by productivity an amounting to 9.2 Ton / feddan, 148% Egypt productivity which amount to 6.1 Ton / feddan which Behaira governorate rank first as total intercropped garlic production by 28053 % total Egypt which amount to 65.9 S. Ton?
By studying the geographic distribution of strawberry. Ismailia governorate was the largest by 39.31% total Egypt which amounts to 4074 feddans where as Qalubia governorate rank first productivity by 9.6 Ton/feddan by 159% of total of Egypt amounting to 8035 Ton/feddan. It also ranks first as total production by 4101% of total of Egypt which amount to 4.06 S.
Ton. The study also showed the largest orange area was in the new land orange feddan production about by 10.5% of total of Egypt which amount to 224.39 S. feddans where as Behaira governorate rank first by 18.4% of total of Egypt which amounts to 204.37 S. feddans and Qalubia governorate rank first for productivity by 9.8 Ton / feddan, 131% of total of Egypt amounting to 7.49 Ton/feddan.
Behaira governorate rank first is for total production by 20.97% of total of Egypt by 1529.02 S. Ton as average during the period (94-1998).
The third chapter handles geographic distribution of study crops in Qalubia governorate. The study showed that Qalub rank first for winter single onions crops by 67.6% of total Qalubia governorate which amount to 6099 Ton/feddan 98/1999. It also rank first productivity which amount to 12.44 Ton/feddan by 158% of productivity which amounts to 11.48 Ton/feddan. It also rank first at total production by 73.28% Qalubia governorate production which amount to 80.12 S. Ton 1998.
The study showed the Qalub rank first as winter intercropped onion by 66.44% of total governorate which amount to 0.76 S. feddan for 98/1999. It also rank first as productivity by 6.05 Ton/feddan of 105% of Qalubia productivity which amount to 6.17 Ton/feddan. It also rank first as total production by 69.92% of governorate productivity which amounts 6.17 Ton/feddan. The study showed Toukh rank first of single garlic area by 30.79 of total governorate which amount to 0.46 S. feddan. Also Qalub rank first as productivity by 12.61 Ton/feddan, 128% of governorate. Which amount to 10.17
Ton/feddan. Also Toukh rank first as total production by 51.46% of total production of Qalubia which amount to 4.66 S. Ton.
The study showed that Toukh rank first for intercropped garlic area by 50% of total governorate which amounts to 92 feddan. It also rank first as area productivity by 5.75 Ton/feddan, 103% of total governorate which amounts to 5.6 Ton/feddan. The study showed that Toukh rank first as total production by 51.46% total governorate by 0.52 feddan 98/1999. Also study showed that Shebein El-Kanater rank first for strawberry by 66.89% of governorate area by 1.64 S. feddan. Qalub rank first as feddan productivity by 11.8 Ton/feddan, 113% of Qalubia productivity which amount to 9 Ton/feddan. Shebein El-Kanater rank first as total production by 70.87 of total governorate by 14.79 S. Ton. Toukh rank first of orange by 46.69 of total Qalubia area by 29.76 S. feddans. It also rank first productivity by 9.29 Ton/feddan, 108% of governorate productivity which amounts to 8.57 Ton/feddan. It also rank first as total production by 50.62% total production governorate which amount to 254.98 S. ton.
Forth chapter handles the effect of the economic reform policy on crops production during (78-1987), (89-1998). It consists of two parts — the first consists of the effect of policy on crops study — Qalubia the study showed decrease agricultural area of vegetables crops Qalubia by 87.88%.
Showed increase single onions crops, strawberry, orange by 228.43%, 68.85%, 1.69% as decrease single garlic, intercropped by 127.71%, 409% where as productivity increase of this crops in Qalubia by 31.19%, 17.74%, 28.1%, 130.57%, 33.86% also total production Qalubia increase for single winter
onion single strawberry, oranges by 468.6%, 258.46%, 33.65% during implemutaliv of the reform policy where as single garlic crops decrease showed by 95.97, 263.38 prices of producers for there crops increase by 183%, 112.98%, 41.30%, 125.11%. Also average cost increase for these crops by 287.5%, 377.4%, 212.1%, 243.95% this in attributed to policy of subsidy on production increase agriculture rank for L.E. 200-1200. Also average let increase for these crops increased by 268.9%,
66.52%, 14.7%, 113.65%.
Second chapter handles effect economic reform policy production and exports of study crops in A.R.E. during the period (78-1987), (89-1998). The study revealed increase in cultivated area of single onion crops, single garlic, strawberry as oranges by 48.32%, 24.9%, 89.2%, 15% for all the A.R.E. area of shared garlic decreased by 2.46% where as productivity increase for these crops by 20.39%, 16.63%, 17.97%, 95.54%, 9.88% which reflect the productivity effect of the economic policy. As total production of these crops by 81.1%, 46.5%, 8.73%, 221.42%, 53.56% productivity all the Egypt. The study revealed increase in export quantity of onion, strawberry by 162.12%, 2541% garlic and orange decrease by 30.1%, 53.65% and these effects the negative effect of economic reform policy on garlic and oranges. Export value for these crops increase by 415.89%, 116.4%, 3700%, 106.37%. Also export current price by 102.26%, 175:49%, 59.98%, 217.33%.
The study referred to the geographic distribution of the most imported inport countries Saudia Arabia, Leebnan, Kiuwait by 44.3%, 8.95%, 7% of total exports quantities amounting to 122.53 S. Ton as average during the period (94-1998) importing
garlic an Italy — France — Germany — Netherlands by 29.3%, 14.2%, 5.4%, 4.6% of total export quantities of garlic amounting to 4.93 S. Ton as average during the period.
Most important inport countries of strawberry Saudia Arabia, Kiuwait, Leebnan by 61.1%, 9.82%, 6.2% of strawberry export amounting 1.62 S. Ton as average during the period. Most importing countries of Egyptian oranges were Russia, England, Ukraine by 28.7%, 21.5%, 7.4% of total export quantities which
amount to 26.55 S. Ton.
The study handles transport cost which indicate reaches transport cost their neighboring countries the Tunisia by 145%, 164%, 151% for Amsterdam, Brussels, London where as Martian Transport cost decreased as compared to neighboring countries which amounting to 485 $ where as reaches in Israel, Tunisia 487$ for containers size 20, 40 foot.
Also internal transport cost increase as compared to other countries by 50% where as administrative use decreased and amounting to 43$ for Egypt where as reach more than that to
neighboring countries.