الفهرس | يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام |
المستخلص SUMMARY The agricultural sector in Egypt is suffering from the immigration of the agricultural trained workers to other economic sectors, therefore the agricultural mechanization has been considered the most suitable alternative tp face the lacking of agricultural labour. However inspite of using some of the agricultural machines in the Egyptian villages since more than 50 years, but a great number of the farmers have not yet used them. For the researcher bel&ife in the necessity of shortening the period between the avaliability of agricultural mechanization technology and its adoption, therefore it was necessary to study the factors affecting the adoption of mechanization in some agricultural processes. Accordingly, the objectives of tpe study were stated as follows:- 1) Studying the relation between the adoption of . the mechanical ploughing, irrigation and threshing processes and the following factors :- age, educational status, profession, family type, family size, educational, status of the family members,participation in organization exposure to general mass media, the cosmopoli t eneaa, innove.-· tivne ss, mechanize.tion inc11nrllon, knowledge of agriculutral !1j• ~I ! J - 2 - tractors and machines,contact with change agents, fatalism, aspirations levels, opinion leadership, size of holdings typ,e of holdings,farm livestock holdings, farm family employment~ average costs of the three agricultural processes accomplishment, and average production of wheat and hourse bean crops. 2) Studying the differences between adopters and non adopte.rs for mechanization in ploughing, irrigation and threshing according to the following factors :- age, educational status, profession, family type, family size, educational status of the family members, participation in organization, exposure to general mass me df.a , the cosmpolitness,innovativness,mechanizatiort tendency know-· ledge of agricultural tractors and machines, contact with change agents, fatalism, aspiration levels, opinion lead ership, size of holdings,type of holdings, farm livestock holdings, farm family employment, average costs of the three agricultural processes accomplishment and average production of wheat and hourse bean crops. ) Studying of the most important difficulties facing the mechanizations of the three agricultural processes and the possible ways to overcome them from the farmer’s point of view. - 3 - To achieve these objectives two theortical hypothes.~ were determined a.nd.8t~tedintotwo null !lj’pOth8Iitl6 0 This study was conducted at 10 villages in FaYuom district at FayuQm Governorate, which ~ere Kohafa ,Sanofer, El Hamidia El Gidida, Menshate Feteih, El Alam,Nozlet Bashier, El Nassria, Demshkine, El Hadakaand Manshat Bagdad. A controlled sample of 100 land holders(farm.e:r;’s)~’:’s selected from both adopters and non adopters of mechanized pLo.ughLng , irrigation and threshing processes,( 10 adopters and 10 non adopters from each village were selected random~~. Data were collected through personal interviews based on a priviously prepared questionnaire. Befor putting the queationDadre in 1~ final form it was pretested. Percentages were used in the presentations of the research sample in the difficulties facing the diffusion of the mechanization of the three agricultural processes mentioned above and in the suggestions of the farmers for facing these difficulties.chi-square,&Bi Serial correlation were used to recognize the relationship between the adoption of the mechanizations in the three agricultural pr.oc,esses and the independant factors under the study, while T. test was used to recognize the differences between adopters and non - 4 - adopters of mechanization in the three agricultural processei9 according to the factors under the study. The following results were obtained :- I. The results of testing the hypothesis A) The results of testing the first hypothesis: 1- There is no significant relation at 0,05 level between the adoption for the mechanization of ploughing, irrigation and threshing processes and both of farmer’s age and type of farm holding. 2- There is a positive significant relation of level of 0.05 between the adoption of mechanizing in the three processes mentioned above and Family Type. 3- There is a positive significant relation at level of 0.01 between the adoption of mechanizing in the three processes mentioned above and each of: educational status, Profession, educational status of the family members, degree of participation in org~ izationB, degree of exposure to general mass media, degree of cosmopolitness, degree of innovativness, degree of meohanization tendency, degree of knowledge of tractors and agricultural machines, frequent contact with changes agents, aspiration level, size of farm holding, farm animals stock, average production, and degree of opinion leadership. - 5 - 4- There is a negative significant relation at 0,01 level between adopting mechanization in the three processes and the following factors. Family size, degree of fatalism, agricultural working animals holding, size of agricultural family employment and average costs of accomplishment of the three agricultural processes. B) The results of testing the second hypothesis were:- 1- There is no significant differences at 0.05 level between adopters and non adopters for the mechanization in ploughing, irrigation and threshing processes concerning both of farmer’s age and type of farm holding. 2- There is a significant difference at 0.05 level between adopters and non adopters for the agric~ltural three processes mentioned above coneerning the family type. . 3- There is a significant differences at 0.01 level between adopters and non adopters for the agricultural processes concerning each of the following factors :- - 6 - Educational status, family size, profession, educational status of the family members, degree of participation in organization, degree of exposure to general mass media, degree of cosmopolitness, degree ’of Innovativness, degree of mechanization tendency, degree of knowledge of tractors and agricultural machines,Frequent contact with the change agents, aspiration level, size of farm holding, farm animals stock, average production and degree of opinion leadership. II. The most important difficulties of mechanizing the three agricultural processes and the suggested solutions for facing them according to the farmer’s point of view were as follows :- A. The reasons of not using the mechanization of the three agricultural processes in a descending order were : Farmer’s holding of primitive tools and farm animals, disadvantages of machines efficiency, high costs, family farm labour availability, small farm size, lack of machines in the co-operatives, unpaved ways through farms the existing of hinderances in farm roads and having various cr~ps in the same area. B.The reaSOI18, or noa - posessdloD agricultural machines arranged in descending order were as follows : Unavaliabili ty of funds, high costs of operatioa and conservation of machines. lack of experience in ---~-- -~.~.~~-~~~ - 7 - utilizing machines, availability of renting machines, small size of farm and unavailability of technical labour and accessories. c. The most important difficulties facing the diffusion of mechanization from the view points of the respondont’sJit has been arranged in a descending order as follows:farmer’s lack of money, small farm size, unpaved ways through farms and the pretlondlU&\l:lCe :>! roughand narr::J.l1’t fOU”lTlroadaJ!armerra; adherance to prim1ctive toolll)l disadvantage of machin~s efficienc~ haVing variable crops in same araa. Small farmers exploitation by drivers and machine’s holders, high costs of utilizing machines, lock of experience and advantage in utilizing machines,the co-operativ~get rid of tractors and machinesby selling l~ck of machines for facing farmers needs, low prices of crops, companionship among farmers and availability of,family labour, holders of machines dislike to serve small areas, availability of holding alternative primative tools,work in villages were OIll.1in ilgl”iculture J u~ tractor~ in 80a-[ __•• .iLCthrit.laa,., lack of capital for buying machines, farmers adoption of planting methods related to their primitive tools and lack of technical labour and accessor~ua ._-------- - 8 - III. The important suggestions of the respondantsfor facing the difficulties mentioned above were found to be as follows:- Constructing mechanical service centers, , applying tuitaole la1I1dl conaolidatio1’l. measure s , informing farmers about the advantages of mechanization, instalment mechanical services must be available, also tractors and machines must be available in co-operatives, tractors and machines must be increased to meet farmers needs, caring of agricultural roads and removing hinders from roads, minimise the mechanical service costs, encourage re~ellreat the holding system for tractors and maohines by instalment, having a new J?,?ortunitiea for el.1Vloyme.R~availability of technical laborers, accessories and conservative centers, constructing training centers, developing the primitive tools and Generalizing of ’lIe drainage and Longt udd.ne L l’ines irrigation method. |