الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Thalassemias are the commonest genetic disorders in
humans that present an increasing public health problem in the
tropical countries in which they occur at a high frequency.
There are many different forms of thalassemias, all resulting
from mutations of the genes which are responsible for
regulating the structure and synthesis of haemoglobin. These
diseases are all transmitted in a Mendelian fashion; parents,
who are symptomless carriers, each pass on a defective gene to
a severely affected offspring.
Thalassemias are particularly associated with people of
Mediterranean origin, Arabs, and Asians. In Egypt, no definite
national screening program has yet been developed for
detection of thalassemia carriers to diminishe the spread of
thalassemia and protects the offspring from suffering of this
disease.
Prenatal diagnosis is an important procedure to early
distinguish thalassemia even though it is not an activated
procedure in Egypt, to carry out on suspected individuals with
thalassemia history in their families.
The goal of the present ’study to screen thalassemia in Port
Said seaside especially n the absence of a record about the
incidence of thalassemic individuals there. This study is carried
out on selected samples for unrelated Egyptian individuals
using laboratory tests that especially detect thalassemia such as
complete blood capture (CBC), blood film, osmotic fragility
test, and finally polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which detect
thalassemia samples and their types. DNA sequencing was done