الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objectives:
Chemical constituents of three black seeds under investigation. Minerals also such as: Zn,Fe,Mn,Na,K,Ca,Mg and P were determined . Phytochemical screening, polyphenols and total flavonoids were determined. Antimicrobial, antitumor activities and antidiabetic effect on diabetic rats were carried out using the extracts of the investigated seeds.
Methods and Results:
Seeds were purchased from local market in Mansoura city , Dakahlia province,Egypt.Rats were obtained from the animal house of National Research Center, Geza, Egypt.Ehrlich cells were purchased from National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt. Eight microbial strains were obtained from Microbiol.Dept., Faculty of Agric., Damietta University.
Ash, crude fiber, crude protein, crude lipid and total carbohydrates were determined in all investigated samples. All results were calculated as (g/100g dry weight). It was clear that black cumin seeds have the highest percentage values for both crude protein (23.62%) and crude lipid contents (41.5%) .While, onion seeds showed the highest content of 5.55 and 35.13% for ash and total carbohydrates respectively.On the other hand, leek seeds gave the highest contents of crude fiber ( 26% ). Potassium , calcium and phosphorus were the main elements in onion and leek seeds. Average values were 1003.00 , 1019.5; 156.50 , 166.95 ; 186.00 and 198.40 ppm on dry weight basis in the two samples respectively. Black cumin seeds showed to have the highest amounts of 111.25, 121.90 and 893.30 ppm for iron, sodium and calcium, respectively .The phytochemical constituents of crude methanolic extract of black cumin, onion and leek seeds proved that the crude methanolic extract of investigated seeds contained terpenes, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids. Only black cumin seeds contained tannins. No resins were detected in all of methanolic sample extracts.Total flavonoids were 53.57, 14.24 and 4.28 mg Q.Eq./g dry weight for black cumin, onion and leek seeds respectively.Total polyphenols (mgG.A.Eq./g) content of black cumin, onion and leek seeds gave average values of 288.88, 170.00 and 143.33 mgG.A.Eq./g dry weight respectively.HPLC analysis proved that black cumin, onion and leek seeds contained Pyrogallic acid, Gallic acid, Catechol, Chlorogenic, Caffeic, Synergic, Caffeine, Ferulic, Vanillic, Catechin, P-OH Benzoic acid, P-coumaric acid and Cinnamic acid with different concentrations comparing with standard compounds. Some chemical constants of the seeds oils under study were determined. The obtained results showed that acid value for all oil samples under study gave higher values were crude oils which did not subjected to further processing after extraction .The highest acid value was recorded for black cumin seeds oil (16.59), while the lowest one was detected for leek seed oil (3.17). Onion seeds oil showed a moderate acid value (15.73) . Fatty acid composition of the oil samples were determined using gas liquid chromatograph. It was found that black cumin oil contained a high percentage of linoleic acid C18:2 (55.24%) followed by C18:1 (24.62%), whereas, the most predomenant saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid (12.52%) . Onion oil contained the following fatty acids : C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2. The major fatty acid was C18:2 (48.30%) followed by C18:1 (32.48%), while palmitic acid content was 8.24% . Fatty acid composition of leek seed oil was characterized by the high percentage of linoleic acid (64.21%). It could be seen that leek seed oil contained C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 in average values of 11.10%, 3.09% and19.72%, respectively.Results showed that black cumin seed extracts (methanolic and water extracts) had the highest antitumor activity, for all concentrations.whereas, onion seed extracts come in the second level and leek seed extracts had the lowest antitumor activity for all concentrations.Finally, all seeds extracts were more effective than the reference drug (5-fu) for all concentrations.The injection of streptozocin at a dose of 40 mg/1000g b.w caused a highly significant increase in blood glucose level reached 426.3 mg/dl.Oral treatment with methanolic seed extracts at a dose of 400mg/1000g b.w after 30 days decreased serum glucose levels. The most effective treatment was the onion seed extract which cause a percentage decrease value of 42.87%. Crude methanolic extract of leek seeds come in the second level with average decrease value of 34.91%. However, black cumin seeds extract had the lowest effective value, it cause a decrease value of 30.39 % for serum blood glucose after 30 days.Injection of STZ at a dose of 40 mg/1000g b.w increased each of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and vLDL significantly.The antimicrobial effect of crude methanolic and aqueous extracts of seeds under study with various concentrations were assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones and obtained diameter in which no growth observed were measured after incubation. Methanolic extracts either in 0.05% or in 0.1% was more effective than the water extract on all the tested microbial strains .
Conclusion: The most effective treatment was the onion seed extract which cause a percentage decrease value of 42.87%. Crude methanolic extract of leek seeds come in the second level with average decrease value of 34.91%. However, black cumin seeds extract had the lowest effective value, it cause a decrease value of 30.39 % for serum blood glucose after 30 days.