الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim of Study
The study is made for Evaluation of the Efficacy of mini-screw implants as skeletal anchorage for intruding molars in anterior open bite Management.
Text in English, Abstracts in English and Arabic.
Skeletal open bite in adults is considered one of the most difficult malocclusions to treat and retain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mini-screw implants as skeletal anchorage for intruding maxillary molars as a treatment for skeletal anterior open bite in two groups of Egyptian adults.
A sample of 10 adult patients within an age range from 18-24 years was selected for this study. The patients were equally divided into two groups. In group 1, patients received 2 miniscrews on the buccal side of the alveolar bone (diameter 1.6 mm and length 8 mm). Fixed anchorage trans-palatal arch appliance was also inserted. Group 2 patients received 2 miniscrews on the buccal side of the alveolar bone (diameter 1.6 mm and length 8 mm) and 2 miniscrews on the palatal side of the alveolar bone diameter 1.5 mm and length 10 mm). An intrusive force of 200 g was applied immediately on the upper first molars using memory elastomeric chains.
The treatment effects were evaluated radiographically using prevaluation and postevaluation three dimensional cone beam computed tomograms after an observation period of 3 months. The prevaluation and postevaluation reconstructed tomograms were analyzed and calculated using DICOM MIMICS 10.01 software to reveal the treatment changes.
The collected data were then statistically analyzed for descriptive statistics, comparison of the difference of treatment changes using paired t-test, independent samples t test and man whiteny U and Wilcoxon tests, as well as percent of treatment changes.
from the results of this study, it can be concluded that:
I. Regarding Intrusion changes:
1- A statistically significant amount of molar intrusion was achieved, using miniscrews.
2- There was a significant decrease in the distance between the trifurcation and the Frankfurt plane.
3- This decrease was more pronounced in group 1 more than in group 2.
II. Regarding the buccopalatal (Interapical/Intercoronal) changes:
1- A non-significant amount of change in the (Interapical/Intercoronal) distance was detected within the same group.
2- Group 2 showed more stability in the (Interapical/Intercoronal) distances than group 1.
3- Group 1 showed more significance than the second group in the Intercoronal changes, which means more palatal role in or palatal tip during intrusion.
III. Regarding skeletal mandibular rotation:
1- Non-significant amount of change in the distance between the Menton and Frankfurt was detected in both groups.
2- Group 2 showed more significance than group 1 in this aspect.
IV. Regarding clinical method of miniscrew application:
1- Clinically, two screws method proved to be easier in application.
2- The four screws method was more difficult in terms of palatal screw application.
3- Two screws method proved to be more cost efficient than four screw.