الفهرس 
coverOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 193 |  |  |
| | | from | 193 | | |
Abstract
This dissertation is divided into two main parts:
Part one contains nine unpublished Greek Ostraca from the Egyptian Museum and registered under the special number 18953 and Temporary Register 20/10/14/1D. All pieces belong to the Greco-Roman and Byzantine periods; they varied in their subject and from the province. Two of them orders to deliver wine from the archive of or, five are receipts for taxes in money; poll tax, the river guard tax, dike tax. The seventh one about a note or a reminder and the last two Ostraca are lists of names.
Part two contains three unpublished Greek Papyri one of them from Stanford University no. 073 and the two others from Egyptian Museum and registered in Catalogue General under numbers 10668 & 10699. The first papyrus dates back to the Ptolemaic period and .The last two papyri from the Roman period.
The researcher published and commented the twelve pieces of Ostraca and Papyri and arranged them chronologically.
I. Receipt for River Guard Tax: This text is a receipt for river guard tax The river guard tax was paid to support the fleet of the river guards. The rate of the river guard tax varied according to the conditions. The names of the tax collectors appeared obviously in our ostracon. The name of the tax collector Pachompaonnophis was rare also this is the first time he appeared a tax gatherer, accompanying with him Ammonius although the last one is famous and collected different kinds of taxes in money. Ammonius was a collector of the river guard tax nearly in the reign of Trajan (98-117 A.D.). The name of the taxpayer’s Petorzmithes is a common name in Elephantine; only the first letter of his father’s name is preserved.
II. Receipt for Dike Tax : This Ostracon is a receipt for dike tax paid during the reign of Hadrian. The name of the tax collector is Petronius Bassos. The tax payer’s name and the rate of the tax dissapeared in the broken part. The Dike tax was the only tax which paid at a uniform rate of 6 drachmae and 4 obols a year.
III. Receipt for poll tax: This potsherd is of a receipt for poll tax, paid in full rate 17 dr and half an obol. The lessees of the Sacred Gate in Syene issue it. The text shows only the verb of paying the title of the emperor, the taxpayer’s mother name we do not have neither the name of the emperor nor the name of the lessee of the sacred gate; as well as the name of the assistant. However, by examining the text and comparing it with the parallels the researcher was able to propose some of these missing items this is because of the rate of 17 dr. ½ obol. is due to the poll tax; and the rate in this was the rate during the reign of Trajan, Hadrian and Antoninus.
IV. This Ostracon is a receipt for poll tax, the date and the rate are not preserved in the text but depending on the paleography and the type of hand-writing; we can date the ostracon by 1st or 2nd cent. A.D. In addition, the receipt shows the name of the tax collector this name seems to be rare using in both Papyri and Ostraca and this is the first time we found him as a tax a collector.
V. A Reminder: This Ostracon dates back to (2nd /3rd cent. A.D.). It is a short note about the Hieroglyphic scribe, the sacred scribe and another one called Tepines. There was a referring to a number (24) in line 7 but I do not know exactly to what this number refers. The scribe usually used the expression () at the end of the note which means so nice or in kind way.
VI. Account: This potsherd is a statement of account deals with number of proper names with various amounts in drachmae and obols. The text dates back to (2nd / 3rd cent. A.D.). These names occur without any mention for the purpose. They probably have relationship with different departmental domains of the state.
VII. order To deliver Wine: This ostracon is an order to deliver wine involved in the chariot racing dates back to the fourth century of our era. The text is an order from to to deliver three jars of wine tothe assistantand the donkey’s driver the date is the third day of Pharmouthi month.
VIII. order To deliver Wine: This ostracon is an order to deliver wine from Cyracus to Theon, instructing the latter to deliver quantities of wine measured in to participants involved in chariot racing. This order to deliver eight jars of wine to the participants Cornelius and others but we did not know their number. Their official not preserved. This text from Pharmouthi races; the first day of Pharmouthi month.
IX. List of names: This small piece of ostracon is a list of names from the Byzantine period. Both the recto and the verso recorded several of proper names. It may be a recording the names of tax collectors in any district.
X. A fragment of a letter: This Papyrus is a fragment of a letter dated back to (late 3rd / 1st cent. B.C.). Its subject concerning business regarding the production of wild olive . The names of the sender and addressee are not preserved in the text due to the mutilation of the papyrus.
XI. A petition addressed to the Prefect: This papyrus is a fragment petition addressed to the prefect. This papyrus dates back to the third century of our era from Hermopolis. The name of the petitioner and the accuser are not preserved. This petition concerning the vegetable vendors.
XII. Loan of Money: This papyrus is a fragment of a loan of money dates back to the fourth century of our era. The text is a receipt for 17 talents and 3000 drachmae. There is a mention for the first installment of the loan ()but the amount of this installment is not preserved in the surviving part.