الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cephalosporins have many advantages over other broad spectrum B-lactam antibiotics which include their broad spectrum, high safety and stability against bacterial resistance. Based on these advantages, cephalosporins are widely used for treatment of different infections.
The production of ~-lactamases is still the main mechanism for resistance of bacteria to ~-lactam group of antibiotics including cephalosporins. Combination of -lactam antibiotics with - lactamase inhibitor such as sulbactam is used to overcome - lactamase mediated resistance.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ceftriaxone and cefepime (third and fourth generation cephalosporins) alone and in combination with sulbactam ( lactamase inhibitor) both in vitro and in vivo against ~-lactamase producing E.coli.
1- In vitro studies The results of sensitivity test showed that the studied strain of E.coli (A18) was resistant to ceftriaxone and cefepime. Minimal inhibitory concentration of both ceftriaxone and cefepime was 128 ug/m], Combination of cepbalosporins with sulbactam increased their susceptibility to the resistant E.coli and lowered the MIC to be 8 ug/ml for ceftriaxone and 4 ug/ml for cefepirne. II- In vivo studies: In vivo efficacy of ceftriaxone, cefepirne and their combination with sulbactam (2:1) against -lactamase producing