الفهرس 
Chapter I : IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The current study was conducted through the period from January 1996 to May 2005.The study was carried out in two localities, El-Zahraa Stud for Arabian horse breeding, Cairo, Egypt from the period of 1996 to 1999, where a total number of (500) mares were surveyed; and Al-Ghalia Arabian horse Stud, El-Medina El-Monaura, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the period of 2000 to 2005, where a total number of (75) mares were surveyed.
Mares in both localities were allowed to have the standard measures of management.
Mares in the current study were identified in two main groups:
Group(1): A total number of (85) fertile Arabian mares, kept at El-Zahraa Stud were followed up for a full calendar year through the routine examination to assess the normal reproductive patterns .
Group(2): A total number of (171) and (28) infertile Arabian mares, kept at El-Zahraa and Al-Ghalia Studs respectively were subjected for complete investigations to diagnose the possible cause of infertility and to allow the available system of treatment.
from the present study, it was recorded that:
The gestation period was 326.43±1.14, 325.29±0.91, 325.15±1.12 and 325.13±0.85 days, and the parity number was 6.30±0.56, 6.67±0.71, 6.69±0.80 and 3.37±0.42, where the foaling interval was 585.60±25.01, 542.50±25.67, 565.46±30.17 and 474.75±17.83 days for mares of -35,
-40, -45 and -50> months of age respectively. The above results did not show any significant difference in the gestation period, parity number and the foaling interval between the different age groups.
The frequency of estrus was 1.46 ± 0.03, 1.57 ± 0.05, 1.62 ± 0.04 and 1.56 ± 0.06 for Arabian mares of - 35, - 40, - 45 and > 50- months of age at first breeding, respectively . The present results showed a highly significant difference in the frequency of estrus between the different age groups.
Regardless the effect of age, frequency of estrus was 1.75 ± 0.04, 1.76 ± 0.04. 1.14 ± 0.02 and 1.45 ± 0.04 for Arabian mares during winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons, respectively . The above results revealed a highly significant difference between the different seasons affect the frequency of estrus of Arabian mares, where it did not show any significant interaction between age at first breeding of Arabian mares and season.
The above results showed a remarkable increase on frequency of estrus during the period from December (1.65 ± 0.05) to May (1.74 ± 0.06) followed by a decrease from June (1.36 ± 0.06) to August (1.01 ± 0.01) after which there was an increase till November (1.66 ± 0.05). This means a highly significant difference between the effect of different months on the frequency of estrus of Arabian mares.
Interaction between age of the mare at first breeding and season revealed remarkable DROP in the frequency of estrus during July. August and September for all age groups. The lowest value was 1.00 ± 0.00, 1.04 ± 0.10, 1.00 ± 0.00 and 1.00 ± 0.00 at – 35, - 40, - 0.45 and > 50- months of age for Arabian mares during August, contrary to that observed during the February . That findings did not show significant interaction between age at first breeding of Arabian mares and season .
The highest rate of infertility in El-Zahraa stud associated with the affections of acute endometritis (29.24%), prolonged diestrus (19.19%), retained placenta (16.96%) and abortion (11.11%). In Al-Ghalia stud, the infertility associated with the affections of retained placenta (25.00%), acute (21.44%), and chronic (14.29%) endometritis.
from 87 cases having uterine infections, a total of 98 strains of nonspecific pathogens were isolated. The commonly isolated strains were E. coli (37.76%), Strept. zooepidemicus (15.31%) and Staph. aureous (15.31%). On carrying out the sensitivity test, the highest rate of susceptibility associated with the effect of Cefoperazone and Chloramphenicol (81.48%), while the lowest rate associated with the effect of Cephalaxin, erythromycin and Metronidazol (7.41%).
The present results showed 1.22±0.07, 1.43±0.11. 1.00±0.00, 1.10±0.06 and 1.43±0.10 repetition of treatments, 58.46±4.94, 60.05±4.31, 37.62±4.42, 29.76±2.05 and 44.37±4.55 days from the last treatment to the first breeding, 1.97±0.13, 1.71±0.17, 1.92±0.24, 2.06±0.15 and 2.03±0.16 service/ conception and 61.11±8.24, 61.91±10.86, 61.54±14.04, 53.57±9.60 and 53.33±9.26% conception rate after treatment of acute and chronic endometritis, abortion, retained placenta and prolonged diestrus, respectively.