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المستخلص
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. It is the fifth most common malignancy among women worldwide. Environmental, dietary and hormonal factors as well as an aging female population have been attributed to an observed increase of endometrial carcinomas over the past few years. Due to the fact that most factors relate to prolonged or intensive exposure to estrogen (hyperestrogenism), this may likely be identified as the underlying concept leading to the development of endometrial cancer.Approximately 90% of cases of endometrial cancer are sporadic, whereas the remaining 10% of cases are hereditary. A dualistic model of endometrial tumorigenesis is currently recognized, broadly termed type 1 and type 2. Aside from their morphologic and clinical features, type 1 and type 2 endometrial cancers are further distinguished by genetic alterations. Endometrioid and nonendometrioid cancers are associated with mutations from independent sets of genes.