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Abstract
The present review was carried out to evaluate the hippocampal volumetric changes in correlation with the memory changes in the patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, dementia of Alzheimer’s type, schizophrenia and major depression disorder and to outline the relation between the hippocampal changes and the other variables associated with the burden of illness.
Clinical picture, different factors and theories involved in the pathogenesis of the above mentioned diseases, including genetic, environmental, neurodevelopmental psycho-neuro-immunological, psycho-social factors, neuro-endocrinological, and the role of neurotransmitters were discussed.
As regarding Anatomy and Physiology of the hippocampus, the gross and microscopic structure of the hippocampus, and its afferent and efferent connections with the rest of the limbic system and the whole brain were described, in addition to its role in the formation of the hippocampal complexes.