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Abstract
End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) is a disease state characterized by increased oxidative stress, and it has been speculated that oxidative stress may be a potentially important source of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this patient population.
Cigarette smoke is a potent exogenous source of oxidative stress in humans because of the inflammatory response it induces and the free radicals present in smoke. In fact, a puff of cigarette smoke contains 1014 and 1015 free radicals in the tar and gas phases, respectively.
The present study had compared the effect on plasma antioxidant and oxidant concentrations in two groups of renal failure patients on dialysis; one group includes the active smokers and the other one includes the non-smokers patients.
Another control group will be included in the study those are non-smoker healthy volunteers.
This study was planned to assess the blood levels of the water soluble antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase) and the oxidant (malondialdehyde) in the 45 subjects divided into three groups each include 15 male subject:
1-Smokers group of renal failure patients on dialysis
2-Non Smokers group of renal failure patients on dialysis
3-Control group will be included in the study those are non-smoker healthy volunteers.
All subjects included in the study were not diabetic nor having hepatitis or liver cell failure. Smoker & Non-Smoker Groups had End Stage Kidney Disease on regular hemodialysis had four hourly haemodialysis sessions thrice weekly using polysulfone membranes at volumetrically controlled machines for at least 6 months prior to the study. All subjects are males in order to avoid the effect of gender on some of the parameters that will be investigated e.g. glutathione peroxidase (GPx) which is higher in females than males. All patients and controls were not be receiving antioxidant therapy.