الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The term ”blood substitutes” broadly describes oxygen carrying volume expanding solution that transport oxygen and augment intravascular volume for use in humans. These include modified hemoglobin and perfluorochemicals.
The red cell substitutes under trial at present have to short and survival time in the circulation to be substitutes for red cells in the treatment of chronic anemia. It is much easier to envisage a role in short term procedures.
Since 60-70% of red blood cell transfusion occur in surgical patients during the preoperative period, it is important that basic issues related to the emerging field of oxygen-carrying volume expanders be understood by anesthesiologists.
Concerns about side effects, sources of hemoglobin and the ultimate demonstration of efficacy will have to be satisfactorily addressed before anesthesiologists, routinely administer such solutions in place of red cell, during surgery.