الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim of the study
This study was conducted to investigate whether polyclonal anti-ds DNA antibodies promote the local secretion of lipocalin-2 in the kidneys of patients with SLE, and whether serum and urinary lipocalin-2 represent a marker of kidney involvement in SLE.
Conclusion
Renal biopsy is an essential tool for assessing renal involvement concerning the extent of the lesion as regard classes and degree of both activity and chronicity indices. Despite renal biopsy benefits, it is an invasive and risky procedure with the possibility of insufficient tissue obtained. Urinary lipocalin-2 may provide, potential marker of disease activity of renal involvement in adult patients with SLE. It is easily accessible, through means that are non-invasive while avoiding patient discomfort, additional morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, LCN2 is also easily quantified by ELISA.