الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
AIM OF THE WORK
Evaluation of lower lid blephroplasty using fat excision and reposition through transconjunctival and transcutaneous approach.
Summary and conclusion
In summary, lower lid blepharoplasty is one of the most frequently performed aesthetic surgeries. This surgery can address the eye lid changes and extended to include the periorbital area with relevant changes.
It is important now that blepharoplasty surgery shifted away from the concept of fat excision to a new philosophy with fat preservation .This new concept developed with the change in the understanding of different anatomical aspects of the facial ageing changes. Surgeons started to innovate techniques that can deal with these changes with special contributions of Dr.Hamra who modified and established the concept of fat preservation with septal reset through this understanding and he described that the youthful appearance is a single convex line of that lid cheek area instead of double convex line with ageing.
However ,the traditional concepts of fat excision still used under very limited circumstances with the transcutaneous approach but more broader through the transconjunctival approach .As some cases usually presented with herniated fat while there are no other changes ,as a result ,transconjunctival fat excision is an indication.
Although the term lower lid blepharoplasty refers to one operation, the actual procedure can not be standardized to a single operation. Moreover, the operation should be tailored for every patient specifically because patient data, expectations, concepts and surgeons ability and enthusiasm for a specific procedure are not the same.