الفهرس 
acknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 125 |  |  |
| | | from | 125 | | |
Abstract
Surgery is still the most popular treatment (132). The goal of surgical treatment is to ligate the dilated veins that drain into the pampiniform plexus. Three open surgical approaches are currently used: subinguinal (Marmar), inguinal (Ivanissevich), and retroperitoneal (Palomo) (131). Currently, inguinal and, subinguinal varicocelectomy are the most popular approaches. The main complications of varicocelectomy reported in the literature are clinical recurrence and hydrocele formation (133). Irrespective of the surgical approach, persistent collateral veins may ultimately be responsible for treatment failure (133).
The technique of embolization requires selective catheterization of the spermatic vein, followed by its occlusion with either a sclerosant or a solid embolization agent (133). Problems reported with embolization include difficulty in cannulating the testicular vein tributaries, perforation of a vein with extravasation, or distant migration of the embolization material (134). Advantages of radiologic embolization include requirement of a local anesthetic only, elimination of the risk of postoperative hydrocele, and no threat of injury to the internal spermatic artery (135). Also, embolization is less invasive than surgery and morbidity is very low (133).
Varicocelectomy may provide good significant results in cases of male factor infertility