الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was performed to study the endoscopic anatomy of the middle ear, inner ear, and cerebellopontlne angle, as well as to evaluate the approaches and techniques of end^scopic middle ear, inner ear and posterior fossa
surgery •
^
The work was conducted on five sernihead preparations, and five freshly prepared cadaveric heads obtained from the Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria
University .
After initial bony preparation, the anatomical study was carried out via the transcanal, and posterior tympanotomy approaches, while the cerebellopontme angle anatomy was studied through the retrolabyrinthine and retrosigmoid approaches .
Different endoscopic surgical procedures were performed in all specimens. These included endoscopic myringotomy and grcHiunet tube insertion, endoscopic mynngoplasty and endoscopic stapedectomy. Endoscopes were also used to identify the endolymphatic sac during endolymphatic sac surgery and in posterior fossa surgery ,